Nucleosides, lub tsev thaiv ntawm nucleic acids (DNA thiab RNA), ua yeeb yam hauv lub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm kev cia thiab hloov chaw. Thaum lub cim nucleosides-adenine, guanine, thymine, thiab uracer-paub, nws yog cov txheej txheem ntau ntxiv thiab ua haujlwm rau kev siv hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog hloov nucleosides?
Hloov cov nucleosides tau hloov kho yog nucleotides uas muaj undergone tshuaj hloov kho rau lawv lub hauv paus, qab zib, lossis phosphate pab pawg. Cov kev hloov kho no tuaj yeem hloov kho lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm nucleotide, cuam tshuam nws kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm nucleic acid.
Cov hom hloov kho thiab lawv cov haujlwm
Kev hloov kho: Cov kev hloov pauv no suav nrog cov nitrogenous lub hauv paus ntawm lub nucleotide. Piv txwv li methylation, acetylation, thiab glycosylation. Kev hloov kho hauv paus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam:
Ruaj khov kho tuaj yeem nce cov hauv paus loj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov ruaj khov ntawm nucleic acids, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev qias.
Tau lees paub: Cov hauv paus hloov kho tuaj yeem ua cov chaw protein rau cov protein rau cov protein, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem xws li RNicing thiab protein synthesis.
Muaj nuj nqi: Lub hauv paus hloov kho tuaj yeem hloov cov haujlwm ntawm nucleic acids, raws li pom hauv Trna thiab RRNA.
Qab zib hloov kho: Kev hloov kho rau Ribose lossis deaxyribose qab zib tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev sib txuas thiab ruaj khov ntawm nucleic acid. Cov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov metylation xws li methylation thiab pseudourceRation.
Phosphate hloov kho: hloov pauv rau cov kab mob phosphate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov ruaj khov thiab hloov cov nucleic kua qaub. Methylation ntawm phosphate pawg yog ib pawg neeg hloov kho ib txwm muaj.
Cov luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov nucleosides hauv kev siv hluav taws xob
RNA ruaj khov: hloov cov nucleosides ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm RNA cov lwg me me, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev ua tsis taus.
Protein synthesis: Modified nucleosides hauv TNNA ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv protein los ntawm kev cuam tshuam codon-anticodon kev sib txuas lus.
Gene Kev cai: kev hloov kho rau DNA thiab RNA tuaj yeem tswj cov noob qhia los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov ntawv sau, kev sib txuas, thiab txhais lus.
Viral replication: Ntau tus kab mob hloov lawv nucleic acids los nkaum tus tswv tsev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kab mob: Alterations nyob rau hauv hloov nucleoside qauv tau txuas rau ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog mob cancer.
Cov ntawv thov ntawm hloov nucleosides
Kho cov neeg sawv cev: Hloov nucleosides tau siv hauv kev txhim kho cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab anticancer tshuaj.
Biomarmer: Hloov Cov Nucleosides tuaj yeem ua cov kab mob biomarkers rau cov kab mob, muab kev pom rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Synthetic Biology: Cov Nucleoside tau siv los tsim cov hluavtaws nucleic cov kua qaub nrog cov khoom lag luam tshiab.
Nanotechnology: Hloov cov nucleosides tuaj yeem siv los txua cov nanostructures rau ntau yam kev siv.
Tag
Hloov cov nucleosides yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj kuab lom, kev ua si sib txawv ntau cov haujlwm hauv cov txuj ci, cov txheej txheem, thiab cov txheej txheem cellular. Lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb tau ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsig cov cuab yeej hauv Biotechnology, tshuaj, thiab Nanotechnology. Raws li peb kev nkag siab txog cov molecules tseem loj hlob ntxiv, peb tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav pom tau ntau cov ntawv thov tawm tshiab.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jul-31-2024